Geoinformation derived from Earth observation (EO) satellite data is indispensable for tackling grand societal challenges, such as urbanization, climate change, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Furthermore, Earth observation has irreversibly arrived in the Big Data era, e.g. with ESA’s Sentinel satellites and with the blooming of NewSpace companies. This brings both tremendous opportunities and unprecedented analytical challenges. This talk showcases how innovative AI methods and big data analytics solutions can significantly improve the retrieval of large-scale geo-information from Earth observation data and consequently lead to breakthroughs in geoscientific and environmental research. It also discusses emerging frontiers where AI, EO, and sustainability converge to support actionable insights for a more resilient planet.